CC BY
60
УДК 618.39-089.888.14 ББК 86.372
ABORTION AS A MEDICAL AND SPIRITUAL PROBLEM
A.A. PURGINA, student of South Ural State Medical University V.V. SHMAKOVA, South Ural State Medical University, Chelyabinsk E-mail: kisulya081991@,mail. ru
Research supervisor: associate professor, Ph.D. Peshikov O.V.
Abstract
The problem of abortion now has adopted a special social significance. Many countries has the laws regulating an abortion. In Russia this law exists in a very liberal state. Statistics of abortions is disappointing. It is not only a medical but also a social problem which roots lies in the moral aspect of society. The Church considers the abortion as a mortal sin since ancient times. We tried to consider the history of the fight against abortion and its appropriateness.
Keywords: abort, social problem, Orthodox Church, pregnancy
The problem of abortion now has adopted a special social significance. Many countries have laws regulating abortion. In Russia, this law exists in a very liberal state. For example, abortion is included in the list of health care covered by compulsory health insurance, that is, any Russian female citizen has the right to free abortion.
Gestation before 12 weeks for abortion enough desire women. According to the Government of the Russian Federation №98 dated February 6, 2012 "On the social reasons for abortion", abortions 12-22 weeks of pregnancy can be performed if the pregnancy resulted from rape. Therapeutic abortion can be carried out at any stage of pregnancy.
According to paragraph 3 of Article 70 of the Law "On the basis of health", Russian doctors have the right to refuse to perform an abortion on personal beliefs, except for those cases in which abortion is required for medical reasons or if a replacement can not be a doctor .
If adult female was declared incapacitated, the abortion she can be forcibly made by the court shall, on the application of its legal representative.
Statistics of abortions is disappointing. According to the world health organization, the annual number of surgical abortions in the world exceeds 55 millions, for every 1, 000 births are 300-500 abortions, about 70 thousand women die every year annually from complications after surgical abortion, every fourth, breaking first pregnancy surgically becomes barren . Among the causes of maternal mortality, they occupy the first place.
That's what the Orthodox Church says about this issue: "We need to have straight line for this, saying that murder is murder, evil is evil, corruption and depravity of young children there is corruption and depravity". Since ancient times, the Church considers the deliberate termination of pregnancy (abortion) as a mortal sin. Canons equate abortion with murdering. The basis of this evaluation is the conviction that the conception of a human being is a gift of God, so from the moment of conception any future attempt on the life of the human person criminally.
Widespread and justified abortion in modern society, Church regards as a threat to the future of humanity and a clear sign of moral degradation. The concept of "freedom of choice" women in disposing of the fate of the fetus does not meet the biblical and patristic teaching is sacred and precious human life from its very beginnings. In addition, sin lies with the doctor who performed the abortion. Church urges the state to recognize the right to health care workers to refuse to procure an abortion for reasons of conscience. The doctor must exercise the full responsibility for diagnosis,
can prompt a woman to terminate a pregnancy, while believing medic must be carefully weighed against the medical evidence and the dictates of a Christian conscience.
Is it even possible to ban abortion, including the woman's request? Such attempts have been seen before in history. In Russia XV-XVIII centuries for etching fetal potion or by midwife priest penance imposed on a woman for a period of 5 to 15 years.
In the second half of the XVII century a special law enacted by Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov for abortion as punishment was established the death penalty. In 1715, Peter I issued a decree commuted the punishment, abolishing the death penalty.
The position on the sanctions in 1845 abortion was equated with intentional infanticide. The blame for this crime was assigned as people carried out the expulsion of the fetus and the women themselves. Abortion is punishable by hard labor from 4 to 10 years for the doctor and sending to Siberia or stay in prison for 4 to 6 years for the woman herself.
According to an article in 1462, "Penal Code", guilty of "criminal abortion" subjected, if the operation is successful, the "deprivation of property rights and a link to a settlement in the remotest areas of Siberia". If abortion was harming for woman, the person responsible for that threatened to six to eight years of hard labor. And the availability of abortion producing medical education was seen as an aggravating circumstance.
Later the Russian Ministry of Justice bill threatened the mother guilty of killing a fetus, imprisonment in the penitentiary for a term of 3 years. The same punishment was provided for any person responsible for the killing of the fetus of a pregnant and if that person is a doctor or midwife, the court had the right to deprive the perpetrator of practice for up to 5 years and to publish its verdict. Also subject to punishment or a third party, even if they have the consent of the pregnant participated in the act, as well as facilitators, deliver the necessary funds for the destruction of the fetus. If feticide occurred without the consent of the pregnant woman, the guilty were punished by hard labor of up to 8 years. Careless abortion was exception.
After the revolution, the situation has changed. Free love beginning to be perceived as a condition for the emancipation of women. In combination with the absence of contraception, this led to a rapid increase in the number of illegitimate children.
Decree of the People's Commissariat of Public Health and the People's Commissariat of Justice of 16 November 1920 "On abortion", abortion in Soviet Russia were legalized. Unwilling to provide the opportunity to do the surgery on abortion in a special medical facility for free.
Soviet Republic was the first country in the world to legalize abortion on a woman's request.
In 1925, 1000 residents of large cities accounted for about 6 cases of abortion. Advantage of an abortion outside the queue used for female factory workers.
However, the time of legal abortions was short-lived. State gradually took control of almost all spheres of life of its citizens and from 1930 the turn of procreation.
In 1926, Russia was completely banned abortions first became pregnant women and also makes the operation less than six months ago.
Since 1930, the operation to abortion became applicable. In 1931, it cost about 18-20 rubles, in 1933 - from 2 to 60 and in 1935 - from 25 to 300 rubles. Free pregnancy interrupted tuberculosis, epilepsy, schizophrenia and suffering from congenital heart disease.
Increase in the number of abortions in the pre-war period, Russia occurred in parallel with the rapid decline in fertility. In 4-5 years after the legalization of abortion birth rate began to actively decline.
In 1936, due to the difficult demographic situation, the operations of abortion were forbidden under pain of criminal liability. Then the abortion was performed for medical reasons only. Initiators ban hoped, that as a result be able to increase the population. Unfortunately, almost immediately underground abortions have become an important area of the "shadow economy". Illegal abortions have become the normal.
As a result of that underground abortions are often performed by people without medical training, many women become infertile, often such abortions are fatal. Ultimately, the ban contributed not increase, but reduce fertility.
Then how to deal with abortions? Better not to fight abortion, but to warn them.
□ It is necessary to change public opinion: medical abortion should cease to be a way of life, which is not ashamed to tell you.
□ Teenagers should possess complete information about contraceptive methods.
□ Requires creating a culture of chaste and responsible sexual behavior among youth.
□ Economic and social state support young mothers can be improved.
References
1. Radzinsky, V.E. Abortion in Russia / V.E. Radzinsky, I.N. Kostin // Practice of medicine. - 2009. №34. - Pp. 29-33.
2. Yusupov, A.N. Abortion in Russia / A.N. Yusupov, ed. VY Albitskaya // Moscow. -2004. - S. 172.
3. Baranov, A.N. Abortion: interdisciplinary approach. / A.N. Baranov, A.L. Sannikov, N.N. Sizyuhina // Human Ecology. Publisher: Northern State Medical University. - Arkhangelsk. №6. -2006
