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DOI 10.14526/2070-4798-2018-13-3-175-179
A TRAINER IS A TEACHER-EDUCATOR
Raspopova E.A.1
1 Federal State Budgetary Educational Establishment of Higher Education "Russian State University of Physical Culture, Sport, Youth and Tourism", Russia, Moscow, raspopova48@mail.ru
Annotation. A coach is a person, who working with athletes at different stages of sports training, brings the future champions up and motivates them to achieve high results. Modern educational standards provide a great number of the future teachers' competencies formation, directed toward knowledge, skills and abilities formation, which determine a coach's successful work. However, the importance of his or her upbringing work is not considered enough in normative documents. On the basis of Moscow Physical Culture and Sport Department direction No 370, dated October, 3, 2013 "On the experiment carrying out since January, 1, 2014" the post of a coach-teacher was renamed into "a coach". According to this direction, coaches, who work with young athletes and highly-qualified athletes, lost a lot of their benefits, which teachers have. Materials. The article is about the functions of a coach, directed toward oncoming generation training and their comparison with the functions of a teacher. Research methods: Physical culture and sport state professional standards analysis. Results. While realizing activity comparative analysis of Physical education teacher and a coach it was revealed that a trainer and Physical education teacher should have identical knowledge, skills and abilities both in physical exercises teaching and in the sphere of bringing up the oncoming generation. Conclusion. The held analysis disputes the necessity of the experiment, carried out in Moscow.
Keywords: a coach, a teacher, upbringing, sport, training process.
For quotation: Raspopova E.A. A trainer is a teacher-educator. The Russian Journal of Physical Education and Sport (Pedagogico-Phycological and Medico-Biological Problems of Physical Culture and Sports). 2018; 13(3): 130-133. DOI 10.14526/2070-4798-2018-13-3-175-179.
INTRODUCTION
In the life of people, who go in for sports, a coach is the main person, who helps to achieve success. Unfortunately, in everyday life people speak about the coach only when an athlete or a sports team loses. However, a coach is a person, who brings the future champions up and motivates them to achieve high results.
A coach spends much time with the athletes, trying to do everything in order to help an athlete to show the best result. This is true not only concerning coaches, whose athletes achieve the upper steps of the pedestal of the most prestigious competitions, but also concerning the coaches, who work with young athletes at all stages of sports training. A coach is a teacher-educator.
On the basis of Moscow Physical Culture and Sport Department direction No
370, dated October, 3, 2013 "On the experiment carrying out since January, 1, 2014" the post of a coach-teacher was renamed into "a coach" [2]. According to this direction, coaches, who work with young athletes and highly-qualified athletes, lost a lot of their benefits, which teachers have, including long-term holidays (48 days), pedagogical pension, which is higher, than an ordinary pension and others.
The main aim of this article is the work of a coach comparison with other pedagogical professions, connected with physical education and sport.
MATERIALS AND RESEARCH METHODS
We analyzed professional standards of Physical education teacher and a coach.
RESEARCH RESULTS AND THEIR DISCUSSION
Modern educational standards provide a great number of the future teachers' competencies formation, directed toward knowledge, skills and abilities formation, which determine a coach's successful work. According to Qualification Evaluation Catalogue of Posts of Physical Culture and Sport workers, adopted by the Federation Ministry of Health and Social Development order No 916n, dated August, 15, 2011[1], a coach has the following employment duties:
- training athletes for competitions and their competitive activity management in order to achieve sports results;
- selecting promising athletes into
teams;
- providing athlete's physical, technical, tactical and moral-volitional training;
- individual plans of training athletes (team) creation according to adopted plans of sports events organization;
- taking part in a complex program creation of athletes/team training for competitions;
- introducing new methodologies of training athletes (in a chosen kind of sport) into practice of the training process;
- keeping a tab on athletes' sports
results;
- analyzing athletes' results during competitions, correcting further training process;
- controlling the program of training fulfillment;
- timely doping control of an athlete (in accordance with anti-dote rules);
-organization and taking part in the events, directed toward doping prevention in sport and struggling against it;
- occupational health and safety and fire safety rules observance provision.
Together with mentioned above employment duties a coach should fulfill a range of different kinds of activity, including those, connected with pedagogical activity, in particular the following:
- carry out training and upbringing work, using different techniques, methods and means of teaching, modern educational
technologies, including informational and digital learning resources;
- realize the connection of pedagogical activity with sports training;
- take part in pedagogical, education boards, other forms of methodical work, in teacher-parent meetings preparation and organization, health-improving, upbringing and other events organization, provided with educational program, in methodical and counselling assistance organization for parents and custodians [3].
Only the presented duties of a coach prove the fact that, first of all, a coach is a teacher. Exactly his pedagogical part of activity helps to motivate young athletes to improve sports results. A coach's communication with athletes helps to form their world view, love for Motherland and very often their future life.
It should be noted that a coach spends even more time with his athletes, than teachers at school, and sometimes more than their parents. A coach goes to competitions with his athletes and is responsible for their lives and health. During the competitions a coach is always near his athletes, fulfilling the functions of a psychologist and a mentor, a teacher. In our opinion, this is a real pedagogical activity of a coach.
More than 50 years of work in sport leads to the conclusion that a real coach influences not only sports activity, but also an athlete's life after sport. A coach's attitude to his athletes' education, moral features, relations in collective and family determines future life of each athlete. It is a long-term period of an athlete's personality formation. Isn't it a pedagogical activity?!
On the basis of which criteria, a coach's work stopped to be a pedagogical activity?
Which part of a coach's work doesn't correspond with the work of a teacher?
A coach teaches motor actions, which is the same as teaching writing, reading, mathematics and etc.
A coach brings the following moral-volitional qualities up: difficulties overcoming, ability to stand tiredness,
tolerance, will to victory, patriotism, community spirit.
A coach forms the desire to keep a healthy life style and as a result, desire to ignore bad habits, which leads to physically and morally healthy generation formation.
It is common knowledge that physical education and sport form an effective means of UPBRINGING.
Teachers at school and lecturers at a secondary and higher educational establishment, the same as a coach, work with the definite group of students. Then why did a coach stop to be a teacher?
If we compare a coach's standard with the standard of a teacher, we will see that most competencies are the same.
Undoubtedly, a coach is a teacher, who realizes upbringing during a highly-qualified activity of a person, who trains an athlete. However, if we consider a coach's activity at the initial and advanced stages of sports training, we will see that his work doesn't differ much from the work of Physical education teacher.
A coach, apart from general pedagogical and biological basis and physical education theory, should know the history of his kind of sport development, biomechanics of motor actions fulfillment, general basis of an athlete's organism adaptation to specific loads of the given kind of sport. All this knowledge is based on general basis and are thoroughly studied in the program of "Theory and methodology of a chosen kind of sport" discipline. Thus, a coach gets deeper knowledge, than an ordinary Physical education teacher.
The following question appears: "Is Physical education teacher able to work as a coach?"
We think he is able, but only if he has deep knowledge in the sphere of this kind of sport. It is possible only if he is going in for a chosen kind of sport for a long time and if he
Submitted: 24.07.2018
has "Master of sport" category and goes through re-training according to "Theory and methodology of a chosen kind of sport" discipline. Making the conclusion we ask the following question: "What for was the experiment in Moscow held? What benefit did coaches and athletes get?"
CONCLUSION
The work of a coach is highly professional pedagogical activity, directed toward physical upbringing of the oncoming generation and training high class athletes. A coach's activity should be equated with the work of teachers and all benefits should be returned. The held analysis disputes the necessity of the experiment, carried out in Moscow.
References
1. Federation Ministry of Health and Social Development order No 916n, dated August, 15, 2011 "On Common Job Evaluation Catalogue of Posts of Top Managers, Experts and Employees, "Qualification characteristics of Posts of Workers in the sphere of Physical culture and Sport" unit". URL: http://legalacts.ru/doc/prikaz-minzdravsotsrazvitija-rf-ot-15082011 -n-916n/
2. "Moscow Physical Culture and Sport Department direction No 370, dated October, 3, 2013 "On the experiment carrying out since January, 1, 2014". URL: http://docs.pravo.ru>document/view/48643904/552030 05/
3. Professional standard "A coach". Adopted by Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Russian Federation order No 193n, dated April, 7, 2014. URL: http://classdoc.ru/profstandart/05 sport/professionalsta ndarts 48
4. Kuznetsova Z., Kuznetsov A., Mutaeva I., Khalikov G., Zakharova A., 2015. Athletes training based on a complex assessment of functional state. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Congress on Sport Sciences Research and Technology support. SCITEPRESS. P. 156-160 (Scopus).
5. Kuznetsov A., Mutaeva I., Kuznetsova Z., 2017. Diagnostics of Functional State and Reserve Capacity of young Athletes' Organism. In Proceedings of the 5th International Congress on Sport Sciences Research and Technology support. SCITEPRESS. P. 111-115 (Scopus).
Author's information:
Raspopova E.A. - Doctor of Pedagogics, Professor, Federal State Budgetary Educational Establishment of Higher Education "Russian State University of Physical Culture, Sport, Youth and Tourism", Russia, Moscow, Sirenevyj bulvar, House 4, e-mail: raspopova48@mail.ru
DOI 10.14526/2070-4798-2018-13-3-179-186
LACTATE IN ATHLETES' DERMAL EXTRACT IN CYCLIC KINDS OF SPORT DEPEMDING ON THE TYPE OF ENERGY METABOLISM AND CONSTITUTION
Marchik L.A.1, Martynenko O.S.1
1Federal State Budgetary Educational Establishment of Higher Education "Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University Named After I.N. Ulyanov", Russia, Ulyanovsk,
marchik.liudmila@mail.ru
Annotation. Different biochemical methods of athletes' training level estimation are recently used in sports practice. Sweat is one of the most available objects of study, however, as there are no valid information concerning dependence of sweat chemical composition and characteristics change on the character of the loads and the level of athletes' training, each extract of sweat is rarely studied. Materials. The article analyzes the results of lactate concentration determination in athletes' dermal sweat lavages in cyclic kinds of sport with different types of energy metabolism and constitution. Research methods: ergometric testing, anthropometric and biochemical methods, statistical results handling. Results. Three types of muscle activity energy provision are revealed among qualified athletes in cyclic kinds of sport: anaerobic (phosphate-glycolytic), aerobic, mixed. Groups of athletes with different characteristics of skeletal muscles energy metabolism are heterogeneous according to the type of constitution. The representatives of an aerobic type are ectomorphs (asthenic and thoracal body type). Among anaerobic type representatives' mesomorphs prevail (muscle type of constitution), among athletes with the mixed type of energy supply asthenic, thoracal and muscle types of constitution are equally presented. During the experiment different variants of biochemical material (dermal extract) sampling, offered by the author of the method V.A. Khramov [8], were tested: a palmar lavage, fingers lavage, lavage getting with the help of filter paper. Conclusion. The upper-range values of lactate concentration after physical load were among athletes with anaerobic (phosphate-glycolytic) type of energy metabolism. This index decreases among sportsmen with the mixed type and is minimal among sportsmen with aerobic type of energy. The simplest and the most informative variant of the test organization for lactate concentration determination in each extract is a palmar lavage dermal extract getting. Keywords: muscle activity energy supply, type of constitution, glycogen, lactate, dermal extract. For citations: Marchik L.A., Martynenko O.S. Lactate in athletes' dermal extract in cyclic kinds of sport depending on the type of energy metabolism and constitution. The Russian Journal of Physical Education and Sport (Pedagogical-Psychological and Medico-Biological Problems of Physical Culture and Sports). 2018; 13(3): 133-138. DOI 10.14526/2070-4798-2018-13-3-179-186.
INTRODUCTION
Material selection for the level of different metabolites in athletes' organism revelation is considerably restricted: venous and capillary blood, urine. Sample acquisition is connected with several problems: pain, sterility conditions, aesthetic inconveniences during urine collection and others. Nowadays
special attention is paid to searching for noninvasive methods of study. V.A. Khramov [8] offered the method of several biochemical indices determination (lactic acid, urea, creatinine and others) in a dermal sweat extract of athletes, which is received with the help of a swab from then definite parts of the skin. Lactate (lactic acid) is an intermediate
