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UDC: 811.161.1.133
Rejapov A.A.
Lecturer of department of foreign languages faculty of agro engineering and hydro melioration Andijan Institute of Agriculture and Agro technologies
A STUDY OF THE PRAGMATIC, CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PHRASES EXPRESSED BY FAUNA AND FLORA IN ENGLISH AND
UZBEK LANGUAGES
Abstract: This work aims to identify the influence of the English language on the Uzbek linguistic world picture, in particular pragmatic and cognitive aspects. The main content of the study is the analysis of the Uzbek speech units that appeared under the influence of the English language. The article considers specific examples of English words in fiction and colloquial speech. Methods of observation, generalization and comparative analysis were applied during the study. Based on the study of the cognitive and pragmatic influence of the English language on the Uzbek language and the linguistic consciousness of the Uzbek people, it has been established that in the Uzbek language there are a number of lexemes mastered from the English language by the method of calquing or borrowing. The study results contribute to the theory of studying various problems of linguistic personality, and can also be used in university courses in cognitive linguistics, linguoculturology, the theory of speech communication, etc.
Key words: linguistic picture of the world, interaction of languages, flora, fauna, idioms, phrases, linguistic interference, linguistic personality.
Linguistic typology studies the language systems on the basis of comparison. Some linguists consider that linguistic typology is a branch of general linguistics, others consider that it is a self-dependent science about the language. But it has its own subject matter, its own methods, branches and history development.
There are different approaches defining the aim, the parts and types of linguistic typology. It is an independent science and has its own structure and methods of research.
There are two approaches to language description: 1) internal 2) external.
The first approach studies the system of any concrete national language. The second approach studies non- related systems, i. e. English-Uzbek, English-Russian and so on.
Phraseological units are an essential aspect of language, comprising idioms, proverbs, similes, metaphors, and other fixed expressions that are deeply rooted in a particular culture or language.
They often draw upon elements from the natural world, including flora and fauna, to convey complex meanings and experiences. Flora and fauna are two distinct categories representing plant life and animal life, respectively. Both have
significant cultural, ecological, and symbolic importance in various societies. Due to their close connection with human life, flora and fauna have been integrated into languages, giving rise to numerous phraseological units that are widely used in everyday communication [1]. The use of flora and fauna in phraseological units can be traced back to ancient times when people closely observed and interacted with the natural world for their survival and livelihood. As a result, these elements became deeply ingrained in language, reflecting the cultural beliefs, practices, and values of different communities. The semantic analysis of phraseological units related to flora and fauna involves exploring the metaphorical meanings and cultural associations they carry. Many of these expressions use the characteristics, behaviors, or symbolic representations of plants and animals to convey emotions, moral values, social norms, and various human experiences. In cross-cultural and contrastive studies, researchers examine how different languages express similar concepts related to flora and fauna through their phraseological units. Such investigations shed light on the similarities and differences in how various cultures perceive and interact with the natural world.
Phraseological units related to flora and fauna in English and Uzbek would involve examining the meanings and cultural connotations of these expressions in both languages. Here are some examples of such phraseological units in English and their potential Uzbek equivalents for analysis:
• "To kill two birds with one stone", Uzbek: "Bir o'q bilan ikki qushni o'ldirish". This idiom means accomplishing two tasks or goals with a single action. It conveys the idea of efficiency and achieving multiple objectives at once.[5]
• "Sour grapes", Uzbek: "Ko'rolmaslik" "Sour grapes" is used to describe a situation where someone disparages something they desire but cannot have, implying jealousy or envy. Uzbek: "Ko'rolmaslik" is similar in meaning, conveying a sense of envy or bitterness when someone is unable to achieve something and diminishes its value as if it wasn't worth having.
• "A snake in the grass", Uzbek: "ikki yuzlamachi, do'st niqobi ostidagi dushman" This phrase refers to a treacherous or deceitful person who hides their true intentions or actions. Uzbek: The Uzbek phrase "ikki yuzlamachi, do'st - niqobi ostidagi dushman" carries the same meaning, describing a person who pretends to be harmless while actually being cunning or dangerous.
In both English and Uzbek, these phraseological units related to flora and fauna use metaphors and imagery drawn from the natural world to convey abstract ideas or experiences. The semantic analysis shows that while the literal translations may differ, the underlying meanings and cultural associations are often similar in both languages. More examples for this topic:
• "To have butterflies in one's stomach." This phrase means to feel nervous or anxious, often in anticipation of something important or exciting.
• "A leopard can't change its spots." This proverbial phrase implies that a person's
• character or nature is unlikely to change over time.
• "To be a lone wolf." This idiom refers to a person who prefers to be independent and does not like to be part of a group or community.
• "To hold one's horses." This expression means to wait patiently and not rush into action.
• "To have a whale of a time." This phrase means to have an incredibly enjoyable or exciting experience.
• "To sow the seeds": Meaning: To initiate or start a process or action that will lead to future results. This phrase draws on the agricultural practice of sowing seeds in soil, which will eventually grow into plants. It metaphorically refers to initiating actions or plans that will yield positive outcomes in the future.
• "To be a night owl": Meaning: To be someone who stays up late or prefers to be active during the night. This phrase uses the behavior of owls, which are nocturnal birds, to describe individuals who are most active and alert during nighttime hours.
• "To bark up the wrong tree": Meaning: To direct one's efforts or accusations in the wrong direction. Semantic Analysis: This phrase uses the image of a barking dog mistakenly targeting the wrong tree to illustrate making incorrect assumptions or accusations about something or someone. [5]
In both English and Uzbek, phraseology is an essential aspect of language. Idiomatic expressions are fixed phrases or collocations that have figurative meanings beyond the literal interpretation of their individual words. These expressions are deeply ingrained in the language and reflect the culture, history, and way of life of the people who use them. English, being a language with a rich literary and cultural heritage, has a wide array of idiomatic expressions related to flora and fauna. These idioms draw upon the characteristics, behaviors, and symbolic significance of plants and animals to convey various messages, emotions, and concepts.
In conclusion, the exploration of phraseological units related to flora and fauna in English and Uzbek languages has revealed the profound connection between language, culture, and the natural world. Through a semantic analysis and comparative approach, we have witnessed the richness and diversity of idiomatic expressions that draw on the imagery of plants and animals to convey complex meanings and emotions.
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